A further step in the development of aortic stenosis is the mineralization of the valve due to the transition of VIC into osteoblast-like VIC characterized by a variety of osteoblastic markers, such as osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) [9,14]. This evidence concerns the gene BMP2 and aortic stenosis.