As shown in Figure 4H, significantly higher levels of the mRNAs of collagen 1a1 (Col1a1), key drivers of fibrogenesis such as connective tissue growth factor and galectin 3 (encoded by Ctgf and Lgals3, respectively), and SPP1 were observed in NASH livers. Here, SPP1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.