Such enhanced expression was more evident in better outcome or indolent CLL (i.e., Ig heavy-chain variable region (IGHV)-mutated, CD38−, or early Rai-stage) than in poor outcome or aggressive CLL (i.e., IGHV-unmutated, CD38+, or advanced Rai-stage). This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.