Genera Corynebacterium, Desulfoconvexum, Desulfofrigus, Desulfovibrio, Draconibacterium, Ochrobactrum, Planococcus, Planomicrobium and Psychrilyobacter were enriched in the circulation of SLE patients.Most of the enriched bacteria were positively correlated with plasma autoantibody levels.Heat-inactivated bacteria Planococcus increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6-producing monocytes in PBMC culture. Here, IL1B is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.