In summary, this study selected eleven autoantibodies in the plasma of SSc patients, eight of which target proteins linked to fibrosis (PIP4K2B, VEGFB, AKT2, AKT3, SMAD2, SERPINB13, IL31, and CTGF), with some part of the TGF-beta pathway. The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is systemic sclerosis.