The production of TGF-β1 by M2 macrophages through the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway highlights the fact that M2-TAMs suppressed the anti-tumor immune response through paracrine and autocrine VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 in the tumor microenvironment of CRC [178]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.