Case-control studies, using more than 1550 patients with colon cancer and 750 cases of rectal cancer, demonstrated that JAK2, SOCS2, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6 were associated with colon cancer, and that STAT3, STAT4, STAT6, and TYK2 were linked to rectal cancer [129]. This evidence concerns the gene TYK2 and malignant colon neoplasm.