TGFB1 and neoplasm: According to the findings in recent studies, there are several signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT [59,60,61,62,63], PI3K/Akt [64,65,66,67,68,69,70], NF-kB [71,72,73,74,75,76], and TGF-β signaling [77,78,79,80,81,82,83], that could possibly be mediating the stromal cell functioning in PTC, as these signaling pathways have been found to be involved in the effects of stromal cells on tumor cells [59,60,61,62,63,77,78,79,80,81,82,83].