In this context, protein expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 has been confirmed in cardiomyocytes [31,54], where their activation has been shown to trigger myocardial recruitment of immune cells and the amplification of inflammatory response via the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [12], thus suggesting a crucial involvement of their signalling pathways in the development of myocardial inflammation [33]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is myocarditis.