MTOR and neoplasm: In mTORC1, mTOR forms a complex with raptor and GβL 1, 2, 3 proteins and acts in response to extracellular stimuli by phosphorylating two distinct molecules: ribosome S6 protein kinase (p70S6K)—which in turn phosphorylates ribosomal protein S6, which leads to the recruitment of ribosomes with an increase in protein synthesis essential for cell growth [23]—and 4E-binding protein1 (4EBP1), whose activation induces the translation of mRNAs that support tumor cells when they are starved [49,50].