In pretreatment tumor biopsies of non-small cell lung cancer patients, mass spectrometry imaging revealed that HNP-1 to 3 can have a role as additional prospective biomarkers for anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy response, as the addition of these biomarkers predicted the therapy response better than PD-L1 expression alone [82]. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.