CASP1 and escherichia coli infection: This noncanonical pathway has been described in Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli infection, but not in Gram-positive pathogens, such as S. agalactiae. These caspase-1-dependent and -independent pathways induce pyroptosis, a programmed cell death characterized by an increased inflammation occurring after infection but also in chronic diseases such as diabetes [107,108].