Therefore, this study investigates the density and correlation of DCs (CD1a, CD207, CD83, CD208 and CD123) and macrophages (CD163, CD68, CD209, factor XIIIa) cells by immunohistochemistry in OL and PVL to understand the role of these immune cells in these lesions which share some clinicopathological features but present distinct clinical behaviour. The gene discussed is CD83; the disease is periventricular leukomalacia.