SP1 and liver cancer: Table 1 illustrates the important role of Sp1 as a negative prognostic factor for multiple cancers where Sp1 is generally more highly expressed in tumors compared to normal tissue and overexpression is correlated with decreased disease-free patient survival or another negative outcome. With the exception of highly variable results for lung cancer, most tumors overexpress Sp1 (or Sp3) compared to non-tumor tissue and poorer outcomes are observed in patients with tumors overexpressing this TF. In liver cancer, both Sp1 and Sp2 are negative prognostic factors for survival [11,12,13].