Previous work suggests that under pathological conditions associated with chronic inflammation such as multiple sclerosis, type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease, TNF-RII is detached from the cell surface through activation of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), thus promoting the aberrant immune and noxious response of mononuclear cells [58,59,60,61,62,63]. The gene discussed is TNFRSF1B; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.