HBB and phenylketonuria: In the analyzed ten archaic human genome-wide data, there were nine pathogenic mutations in five genes established to be associated with monogenic diseases: five mutations in the PAH gene associated with the rare inherited disorder phenylketonuria, and one mutation each in the HBB gene causing β-thalassemia major, the SRD5A2 gene associated with disturbances in male’s sexual development, the ASPA gene associated with Canavan Disease, and the MAOA gene associated with Brunner Syndrome in males exclusively.