GDNF and schizophrenia: Evidence indicates that Glial cell line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) plays a role in mammalian neuronal development [140], and GDNF family receptor α-1 (GFRA) proteins act as co-receptors to allow GDNF proteins to bind to the receptors [103], suggesting that GFRA may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.