The remaining 14 craniosynostosis-associated genes can be broadly divided into five categories of pathophysiology: defects in the extracellular matrix (ECM) (ADAMTSL4 and FBN1); regulators of cell cycle-progression and/or genome stability (CDK13 and FBXO11); chromatinopathies (ARID1B and KAT6B); bone osteogenesis, resorption, and homeostasis (IL6ST, MAN2B1, and MASP1); and abnormalities in regulators of cell fate and differentiation (AHDC1, BCL11B, NFIA, NFIX, and SOX6). Here, IL6ST is linked to craniosynostosis.