PALB2 and breast carcinoma: Antoniou et al. analyzed the risk of breast cancer among 362 women with identified deleterious PALB2 mutations and found that the risk of developing breast cancer was 8- to 9-fold higher in PALB2 mutation carriers who were <40 years of age and 5- to 8-fold higher in those >40 years of age compared to the general population [144].