ATM and breast carcinoma: Similarly, Teraoka et al. analyzed genomic DNA samples of women diagnosed with breast cancer before 45 years of age compared to matched controls, and detected ATM mutations among 11 of the 142 breast cancer cases (7.7%; 95% CI, 3.9 –13.4%) compared to 1 of 81 controls (1.2%; 95% CI, 0.0–6.7%) (p = 0.06) [150].