To this end, the protective effects of canakinumab in the CANTOS trial NSCLC exploratory study were significantly stronger for current and former smokers and for incipient lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) histologic subtype, with both carrying high mutation rates of the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) proto-oncogene GTPase (encoded by the KRAS/Kras genes in humans/mice). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and lung adenocarcinoma.