TNF and oral lichen planus: Schiegnitz et al., 2017, carried out a prospective cohort study investigating serum biomarkers (IL-6, IL-8, sIL-2R, and TNF-α) in patients with OSCC, oral lichen planus (OLP), and healthy controls and found no significant differences in TNF-α serum levels between controls, OLP, and OSCC patients [78].