Kaplan–Meier survival analyses using TCGA pan-cancer atlas clinical data and gene expression data of these eight genes further narrowed the signature to a subset of five genes (BCAR1, COL1A1, IGSF3, RRAD, and TFPI2) whose increased expression was significantly associated with poorer disease-free survival (Figure 4d and Table S5). This evidence concerns the gene COL1A1 and cancer.