The metastasis suppressor Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP/PEBP1) downregulated SDC2 mediated by the suppression of the high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in a miR-200b-independent manner, leading to blunted breast tumor growth and metastasis and enhanced apoptosis in a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer [41]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGA2 and breast cancer.