GRN and neoplasm: Indeed, progranulin evokes the activation of AKT and MAPK signaling in many tumor models, including colorectal [89], bladder [59,78,79,129,142,145], breast [76], ovarian [121], prostate [117,146], cervical [147,148] and gastric cancers [149], hepatocellular carcinoma [150,151], NSCLC [152], esophageal cell squamous carcinoma [153], cholangiocarcinoma [75,154] and mesothelioma [65].