CD8A and melanoma: Finally, Pagliano et al. [37] evaluated the effects of Tim-3 blockade in a murine model and human patients, showing that PD-1+CD8+ Tim-3+ TILs upregulate phosphatidylserine, a ligand for Tim-3, and are capable of acquiring and expressing cell surface myeloid markers from antigen-presenting cells through the transfer of membrane fragments, a process known as “trogocytosis” In their studies, inhibiting Tim-3 expression on APCs that expressed it prevented CD8+ T cells and PD-1+Tim-3+ CD8+ TILs isolated from melanoma patients from going into trogocytosis.