In contrast, the antibody blockade against the immune regulator PD-1 molecule on tumour-associated DCs resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB activation, and release of regulatory cytokines, such as IFN-α, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, and the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules [87]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.