In developed countries, molecular techniques for HPV DNA detection (e.g., Hybrid Capture® 2) are combined with assays for host protein biomarkers, such as p16INK4A and Ki–67, for the early detection of abnormal cervical lesions and the prediction of lesion grades; p16INK4A is a surrogate biomarker for HPV in women with invasive cervical cancer, and its expression is highly associated with pathological grading [24,25]. The gene discussed is MKI67; the disease is cervical carcinoma.