Interestingly, in addition to analyzing expression levels of key CmPn members, we assessed AFP expression levels in CCA tissues and saw synchronous down regulation at both the transcriptional (Figure 2(A-1),(D-1)) and translational levels (Supplementary Figure S5A), which corroborates with previous findings that AFP levels are typically lower in CCAs than normal tissues, contrary to increased expression observed in HCCs [34]. Here, AFP is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.