IFNB1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated variants in MDA5, including mutations of alanine at residue 946 to threonine (A946T), isoleucine at residue 923 to valine (I923V), and glutamic acid at residue 627 to the stop codon (E627X), have also been demonstrated to decrease the rotavirus (RV)-induced upregulation of IFN-β mRNA and increase the replication of RV in infected cells [126].