The KEGG enrichment of Ciona DYRK1 in neurodegenerative disease-related pathways, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease (Supplementary Figure S2B), suggests that Ciona DYRK1 also participated in the regulation of nervous system development in ascidian larvae. Here, DYRK1A is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.