HIF1A and glioblastoma: In addition, a relationship has been found between the upregulation of a downstream regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-α) known as the Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and increased turnover of p62, indicating that hypoxia increases autophagic flux (amount of autophagic degradation activity) in GBM [33].