SPP1 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: We conducted a comparison between VSMCs from individual cells with DMD mutations and control muscles to examine the expression of contractile gene markers (MYH11 and Transgelin [TAGLN]) and synthetic gene markers, such as the matrix gla protein (MGP), phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C), and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) [12].