CSF2 and cholangiocarcinoma: In this regard, macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can orchestrate TAM differentiation via the NF-kB pathway, under the presence of TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), which is upregulated in CCA [35].