Besides PD-L1, other immune checkpoint molecules, such as B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) and B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4), are involved in the crosstalk during the immune response to cancer and, albeit playing a controversial role, have been reported to have prognostic value in solid tumors including NSCLC [10,11]. This evidence concerns the gene VTCN1 and cancer.