The most researched genetic variant for NAFLD is patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), which can activate the transcription of thermogenic pathway genes in subcutaneous and brown adipose tissues in TghPNPLA3-I148M mice [31], indicating that genetic NAFLD is highly prone to progress to “lean NAFLD”. Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.