ESR1 and endometriosis: In a recent review, Kim and Kim summarized the mechanisms through which phthalates, especially DEHP, promote endometriosis: (1) phthalates induce a modification of estrogen receptor type; (2) they increase the resistance to apoptosis of endometriotic stroma cells; (3) they increase the invasiveness of endometriotic stroma cells through the stimulation of MMP2 and 9 secretion; and (4) they cause oxidative stress and reduce antioxidant enzymes, finally leading to an enrichment of environmental ROS.