ERV3-1 and lung carcinoma: The study investigators identified putative interactions of induced ERV3-1 with genes associated with radiation response, such as GPCR signaling, transmembrane transport of small molecules, generic transcription pathway, signaling by Rho GTPases, DNA repair, CD28-dependent Pi3K/Akt signaling, and cell cycle [341] This hypothesized role of ERV3-1 is further supported by a study reporting increased levels of ERV3-1 in radioresistant A549 lung cancer cells but not in less radioresistant H460 cells [344].