NOTCH1 and breast carcinoma: Np9 was shown to not only activate MAPK, AKT, and NOTCH1 signaling pathways (see Results HERVs in Breast Cancer—The Rise of New Biomarkers), but also to upregulate β-catenin, which is (HGNC: CTNNB1) essential for survival of leukemia stem cells [26,132].