TNF and Granuloma: Previously in our laboratory, it was demonstrated that the use of infliximab, a TNF-α blocker, in an in vitro granuloma model using PBMCs from patients with active or treated tuberculosis or positive PPD, was able to promote a negative modulation of Treg, Th1, and Th17 profiles, which was evaluated through the observation of decreased production of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-10, and IL-17 [15].