In HF, PON1 activity was significantly decreased, while the BNP and UA levels were significantly increased with the severity of disease [200] PON1 activity, specifically its arylesterase activity, was also shown to predict adverse HF [81] outcomes—low serum arylesterase activity was a significant predictor of developing future cardiovascular events, including MI and stroke [82]. This evidence concerns the gene PON1 and stroke disorder.