In addition, three studies have suggested that EVs in AD and PD models have been able to reduce oxidative stress, mitochondrial stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-a, while anti-inflammatory molecules such as YM-1, MRC1, FIZZ1, and CD163 were increased [116,117,118]. The gene discussed is RETNLB; the disease is Alzheimer disease.