In addition, the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), including IGFBP1 and IGFBP3, enhance the stability of IGF-1 and increase the binding affinity of IGF-1 to its cellular receptors [29], thus potentiating its neuroprotective effects [30,31]; higher IGF-1 and IGFBP3 plasma levels have been associated with better neurofunctional outcomes following ischemic stroke [32]. Here, IGFBP3 is linked to ischemic stroke.