GCG and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: This drug has several important effects: metformin may reduce the amount of insulin needed daily to lower blood glucose levels; it can protect against the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [39,69]; it may cause an increase in GLP-1 levels and additionally increased expression of pancreatic GLP-1 and GIP receptor genes (studies conducted on mice) [70]; and it may prolong the survival of diabetic patients without pancreatic cancer metastases (32% lower risk of death) [71].