IL17A and Opportunistic infection: This study discovered several anti-cytokine autoantibodies including against interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interferon-α (IFN-α) in a subset of patients with opportunistic infections (OI), in which follow-up analysis showed that many of these antibodies were neutralizing thereby implicated them in the underlying opportunistic infections [40].