These findings are consistent with a study of human intestinal epithelium from patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, demonstrating increased levels of miR-29a-3p were associated with down-regulation of tight junction protein ZO-1 and claudin-1, which could be reversed through miR-29a-3p inhibition [47]. This evidence concerns the gene CLDN1 and irritable bowel syndrome.