HBBP1 and infection: For example, an antiparasitic effect of hemoglobin-derived AMPs has been identified from the epithelium of the catfish Ictalurus punctatus, with changes in both the HbβP-1 sequence transcribed and translated in skin and gill epithelium against infection of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, where the hemoglobin concentration expressed in vivo appeared to be similar to the antiparasitic concentrations measured in vitro [54].