Of note, a recent study followed thirteen cystic fibrosis patients on ivacaftor/lumacaftor treatment and eight patients on ivacaftor/tezacaftor treatment and found that the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα decreased significantly with the treatment, indicating that combinations of CFTR modulators have potent anti-inflammatory proprieties [34]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cystic fibrosis.