It has been shown that polymorphisms D299G/T399I are associated with increased expression of cytokines in inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [28] and Alzheimer’s disease [29], indicating that TLR4 polymorphisms that reduce the functionality of TLR4 may modify cytokine and chemokine profile, leading to chronic inflammation. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.