POU5F1 and cancer: MACC1′s function in promoting cancer progression stems from its influence on a variety of carcinogenic signaling pathways, such as the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway, Akt signaling pathway, TWIST1/2 signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway, and may be related to the Nanog/Oct-4 pathway and STAT signaling pathway (Figure 2).