For example, whilst the pathophysiology of anti-Dsg pemphigus is dominated by the activation of p38MAPK and is associated with desmosome disassembly, anti-Dsc3 and anti-SPCA1 AuAbs activate SRC proto-oncogene, cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 activity in patients with anti-Dsg-negative PV [27]. This evidence concerns the gene ATP2C1 and pemphigus.