More recently, autoantibodies against Dsc1 and Dsc3, mitochondrial proteins, human leukocyte antigens, molecules, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), a Ca2+/Mn2+-ATPase encoded by ATP2C1 (hSPCA1), and several muscarinic and nicotinic AChRs have been identified as novel targets for pemphigus autoimmunity [6,9]. The gene discussed is ATP2C1; the disease is pemphigus.