TRAF1 and melanoma: Indeed, intravenous injection of S. epidermidis-derived 6-N-hydroxyaminopurine (6-HAP) inhibited melanoma growth in mice [68], while lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a by-product from the same bacteria, protected melanocytes survival from in vitro UVB radiation by upregulating TNF Receptor Associated Factor 1 (TRAF1), Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction 14 and 15 (CASP14 and CASP5), and Tumor Protein 73 (TP73) [67].