IL4 and colonic neoplasm: When MSCs are administered at an advanced stage, it may induce the shift of Th1/Th2 immune balance to Th2 through IL-4.And the immune balance of Th1/Th2 influenced by MSCs could be reversed by IL-12 (Fig. 7).In the early stages of inflammatory transformation, MSCs can prevent the development of colon cancer, but in the late stages, they can propagate cancer progression.