In the AML group, protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-4, IL-12, and IL-17A) increased by 2– 5-folds (Fig. 3A, B; P < 0.01), while anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10) decreased by more than half (Fig. 3A, B; P < 0.01). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and acute myeloid leukemia.